SARA STREETER: ‘Free-living wildlife regularly encounter life-threatening situations. Frequently, this results in some form of non-lethal injury. Giraffes exhibit scars from lions and harbor porpoises show bite and claw marks from gray seals. An astonishing 100% of manta rays bear bite wounds from sharks. It is hard to imagine that these experiences do not cause … Continue reading STUDY: Not only animals experience fear, but the memory has long-lasting negative consequences.